BY Behnam Ben Taleblu and Andrea Stricker - FOUNDATION FOR THE DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES
A re-entry into the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) by the United States would be a disservice to America’s nonproliferation objectives, as well as to President Joe Biden’s nascent Iran policy. Many of the major limitations included in the JCPOA and its accompanying United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution (2231) on the Islamic Republic’s nuclear and missile programs are set to expire or “sunset,” meaning Washington would be re-joining an accord that doesn’t block Iran’s pathways to nuclear weapons. After 2031, there are no provisions that stop Iran from producing and amassing weapon-grade uranium.
Sources All JCPOA prohibitions are tied to Implementation Day (January 16, 2016) : Annex I, paragraph 1 All UNSCR prohibitions are tied to Adoption Day (October 18, 2015): Annex V (various) ARMS EMBARGO
UNSCR 2231: Annex B, “Statement,” paragraph 5
VISA BANS
UNSCR 2231: Annex B, “Statement,” paragraph 6 (e)
SANCTIONS
JCPOA: Annex V, paragraphs 19, 20 – 20.4, and 21 – 21.3
IMPORT/EXPORT OF MISSILE-RELATED EQUIPMENT
UNSCR 2231: Annex B, “Statement,” paragraph 4
BALLISTIC MISSILES
UNSCR 2231: Annex B, “Statement,” paragraph 3
UN-SPONSORED ASSET FREEZE
UNSCR 2231: Annex B, “Statement,” paragraph 6 (c)
ADVANCED CENTRIFUGES
JCPOA: Annex I, paragraphs 37 and 38
Iran’s long-term enrichment plan, a side agreement to JCPOA/UNSCR 2231, sections 2-3
PAST UNSC RESOLUTIONS RELATED TO IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM
JCPOA: Annex V, paragraphs 23-24
UN PROCUREMENT CHANNEL
JCPOA: Annex V, paragraph 24
“SNAPBACK” MECHANISM
JCPOA/UNSCR 2231: Annex V, section E: UNSCR Termination Day, paragraphs 23-24
MASS DEPLOYMENT OF CENTRIFUGES, INCLUDING ADVANCED CENTRIFUGES
JCPOA: Annex I, paragraphs 32-39
ADVANCED CENTRIFUGE DEPLOYMENTS
Institute for Science and International Security analysis of Iran’s long-term enrichment plan
ENRICHMENT PURITY LEVEL
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 7
ENRICHED URANIUM STOCKPILE
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 7
FORDOW FUEL ENRICHMENT PLANT
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 5, and JCPOA, “Annex I,” paragraphs 45-46
NEW ENRICHMENT PLANTS
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 72
PLUTONIUM REPROCESSING
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 12
HEAVY WATER REACTORS
JCPOA: “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” paragraph 10
HEAVY WATER PRODUCTION/DOMESTIC STOCKPILING
JCPOA: Annex I, “Nuclear-related measures,” paragraph 14
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